Obesity-Excess weight increases the strain on the heart and increases the risk of developing atherosclerosis even if no other risk factors are present.

Risk factors that cannot be changed: Heredity-People whose parents have coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, or stroke at an early The progression of atherosclerosis. The high rate of severe hypertension among African-Americans puts them at increased risk.

Sex-Before age 60, men are more likely to have heart attacks than women are. After age 60, the risk is equal among men and women. Age-Risk is higher in men who are 45 years of age and older and women who are 55 years of age and older. Symptoms differ depending upon the location of the atherosclerosis. In the coronary heart arteries: Chest pain , heart attack, or sudden death. In the carotid brain arteries: Sudden dizziness , weakness, loss of speech, or blindness.

In the femoral leg arteries: Disease of the blood vessels in the outer parts of the body peripheral vascular disease causes cramping and fatigue in the calves when walking. In the renal kidney arteries: High blood pressure that is difficult to treat. Diagnosis Physicians may be able to make a diagnosis of atherosclerosis during a physical exam by means of a stethoscope and gentle probing of the arteries with the hand palpation.

More definite tests are electrocardiography , echocardiography or ultrasonography of the arteries for example, the carotids , radionuclide scans, and angiography. An electrocardiogram shows the heart's activity. Electrodes covered with conducting jelly are placed on the patient's body. They send impulses of the heart to a recorder. The test takes about 10 minutes and is performed in a physician's office. Exercise electrocardiography stress test is conducted while the patient exercises on a treadmill or a stationary bike.

It is performed in a physician's office or an exercise laboratory and takes minutes. Echocardiography, cardiac ultrasound, uses sound waves to create an image of the heart's chambers and valves. A technician applies gel to a hand-held transducer, presses it against the patient's chest, and images are displayed on a monitor. This technique cannot evaluate the coronary arteries directly.

They are too small and are in motion with the heart. Severe coronary artery disease, however, may cause abnormal heart motion that is detected by echocardiography. Performed in a cardiology outpatient diagnostic laboratory, the test takes minutes. Ultrasonography is also used to assess arteries of the neck and thighs. Radionuclide angiography and thallium or sestamibi scanning enable physicians to see the blood flow through the coronary arteries and the heart chambers.

Radioactive material is injected into the bloodstream. A device that uses gamma rays to produce an image of the radioactive material gamma camera records pictures of the heart. Radionuclide angiography is usually performed in a hospital's nuclear medicine department and takes minutes. Thallium scanning is usually done after an exercise stress test or after injection of a vasodilator, a drug to enlarge the blood vessels, like dipyridamole Persantine.

Thallium is injected, and the scan is done then and again four hours and possibly 24 hours later. Thallium scanning is usually performed in a hospital's nuclear medicine department. Each scan takes minutes. Coronary angiography is the most accurate diagnostic method and the only one that requires entering the body invasive procedure.

A cardiologist inserts a catheter equipped with a viewing device into a blood vessel in the leg or arm and guides it into the heart. The patient has been given a contrast dye that makes the heart visible to x rays.

Motion pictures are taken of the contrast dye flowing though the arteries. Plaques and blockages, if present, are well defined.

The patient is awake but has been given a sedative. Coronary angiography is performed in a cardiac catheterization laboratory and takes from 30 minutes to two hours.

Treatment Treatment includes lifestyle changes, lipid-lowering drugs, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty , and coronary artery bypass surgery. Distribution Pharmacokinetic data following single and repeat oral doses show that dutasteride has a large volume of distribution to L. Dutasteride is highly bound to plasma albumin On average, at 12 months Metabolism And Elimination Dutasteride is extensively metabolized in humans.

In addition, the hydroxydutasteride metabolite was formed by CYP3A4. The absolute stereochemistry of the hydroxyl additions in the 6 and 15 positions is not known. Dutasteride and its metabolites were excreted mainly in feces. The terminal elimination half-life of dutasteride is approximately 5 weeks at steady state. Due to the long half-life of dutasteride, serum concentrations remain detectable greater than 0. Specific Populations Dutasteride pharmacokinetics have not been investigated in subjects younger than 18 years.

Geriatric No dose adjustment is necessary in the elderly. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dutasteride were evaluated in 36 healthy male subjects aged between 24 and 87 years following administration of a single 5-mg dose of dutasteride. In this single-dose trial, dutasteride half-life increased with age approximately hours in men aged 20 to 49 years, approximately hours in men aged 50 to 69 years, and approximately hours in men older than 70 years.

No overall differences in safety or efficacy were observed between these patients and younger patients. The pharmacokinetics of dutasteride in women have not been studied. Race The effect of race on dutasteride pharmacokinetics has not been studied. Renal Impairment The effect of renal impairment on dutasteride pharmacokinetics has not been studied. However, less than 0.

No dose adjustment is recommended [see Clinical Pharmacology Digoxin Avodart does not alter the steady-state pharmacokinetics of digoxin when administered concomitantly at a dose of 0. Warfarin Concomitant administration of Avodart 0. Avodart is contraindicated for use in women of childbearing potential and during pregnancy. Avodart is a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor that prevents conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone DHT , a hormone necessary for normal development of male genitalia.

In animal reproduction and developmental toxicity studies, dutasteride inhibited normal development of external genitalia in male fetuses. Therefore, Avodart may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. If Avodart is used during pregnancy or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking Avodart, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus.

Abnormalities in the genitalia of male fetuses is an expected physiological consequence of inhibition of the conversion of testosterone to DHT by 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors. These results are similar to observations in male infants with genetic 5 alpha-reductase deficiency. Dutasteride is absorbed through the skin. To avoid potential fetal exposure, women who are pregnant or could become pregnant should not handle Avodart soft gelatin capsules. If contact is made with leaking capsules, the contact area should be washed immediately with soap and water [see Warnings and Precautions 5.

Dutasteride is secreted into semen. Histological evaluation of the genital papilla of fetuses revealed evidence of feminization of the male fetus at all doses. A second embryo-fetal study in rabbits at 0. In an oral pre- and post-natal development study in rats, dutasteride doses of 0. Unequivocal evidence of feminization of the genitalia i. Animal doses of 2. Effects on newborn startle response were noted at doses greater than or equal to In an embryo-fetal development study, pregnant rhesus monkeys were exposed intravenously to a dutasteride blood level comparable to the dutasteride concentration found in human semen.

The development of male external genitalia of monkey offspring was not adversely affected. Reduction of fetal adrenal weights, reduction in fetal prostate weights, and increases in fetal ovarian and testis weights were observed at the highest dose tested in monkeys.

It is not known whether rabbits or rhesus monkeys produce any of the major human metabolites. Estimates of exposure multiples comparing animal studies to the MRHD for dutasteride are based on clinical serum concentration at steady state. Nursing Mothers Avodart is contraindicated for use in women of childbearing potential, including nursing women. It is not known whether dutasteride is excreted in human milk.

Pediatric Use Avodart is contraindicated for use in pediatric patients. Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established. No overall differences in safety or efficacy were observed between these subjects and younger subjects. Proscar may cause loss of sexual desire. This may continue for some time after men stop using the drug. This side effect lessens or goes away after men stop taking the drugs. But the FDA has received enough reports of these side effects to cause concern.

Even if the drugs do cause these sexual side effects, they've been reported in only a small number of men. For example, in Propecia clinical trials , 3.

finasteride

The change in dutasteride exposure is not considered to be clinically significant, avodart speech disorder. In an embryo-fetal development study, pregnant panadol night online monkeys speech exposed intravenously to a dutasteride blood disorder comparable to the dutasteride concentration found in human semen, avodart speech disorder. Avodart clinical drug interaction trials have been performed to evaluate the impact of CYP3A enzyme inhibitors on dutasteride pharmacokinetics. Cholesterol — A fat-like substance that is made by the human body and eaten avodart animal products. Finasteride reduces male hormone activity. In patients with BPH treated with dutasteride 0. These 5 alpha-reductase deficient avodart have a small prostate gland throughout life and do not develop BPH. Reduction of fetal speech weights, avodart speech disorder, reduction in fetal prostate weights, and increases in fetal ovarian and disorder weights were observed at the highest dose tested in monkeys. Do not smoke or use tobacco-Smoking has many adverse effects on the heart but quitting can repair damage. In laser angioplasty, a catheter with a laser tip is inserted to burn or break down the plaque. New diagnostic techniques enable physicians to identify and treat atherosclerosis in its earliest stages. Radionuclide angiography and thallium or sestamibi scanning enable physicians to see the blood flow through the coronary arteries and the heart chambers. For patients undergoing PSA screening, increases in PSA levels while on treatment with Avodart may signal the presence of prostate cancer and should be evaluated by a healthcare provider [see Warnings and Precautions 5. For Proscar, the FDA reviewed cases of erectile dysfunction and 68 cases of decreased libido between and Each Avodart speech disorder capsule, administered orally, avodart speech disorder, contains 0.

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© Copyright 2017 Avodart speech disorder. Independent risk factors for atherosclerosis are male sex, advancing age, the postmenopausal state, a family history of atherosclerosis, cigarette smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, elevated plasma LDL cholesterol, elevated plasma homocysteine, overweight, and a sedentary life style..